News values: notes

In 1965, media researchers Galtung & Ruge analysed news stories to find out what factors placed them at the top of the news agenda.

They came up with the following list of news values - a kind of scoring system to work out what might become news. A story which scores highly on each value is likely to be at the top of a TV news bulletin. Some of the news values they suggested include:

Negativity
Bad news - involving death, tragedy, natural disasters or political upheaval - is rated above 'positive' stories (royal weddings etc.) 



I would say that this is a negativity story as it is upsetting and it also involves death and tragedy. 

Audiences relate more to stories that are close to their home, or involve people from their country.

Immediacy
How recently did it happen? TV news is very competitive about breaking news – although it is now beaten by social media.

This is breaking news as it is happening when it is being broadcasted when the story happens. 

Simplicity
Simple stories are preferred by TV news.  Palestine is complicated, a plane crash is easy to follow.












I chose this news story as it is simple to follow.


Uniqueness
‘Dog bites man’ is not news. ‘Man bites dog’ is. Unusual stories make it into the news – especially if there is good video to go with it.

I chose this as uniqueness as it

unusual story and it is also a interesting story.Elite nations or people
Stories that focus on important countries or people are likely to make the news. Obama and USA = news, Outer Mongolia not so much.

I chose this as this is news that may be important news that countries may want to hear about.

24 hour TV news

There are some critical differences between a regular news bulletin and 24 hour news:

• A bulletin contains carefully constructed ‘news packages’ and fully scripted presentation
• 24 hour TV news is perfect for live, breaking news as it happens
• 24 hour TV news is more dependent on dramatic pictures or video that will grab the audience and keep them watching

News values blog task

For each of the six news values we have learned, find a clip on YouTube from Sky News (24 hour news) and explain how it fits that news value. The Sky News YouTube channel is here.

• 1) Name the TV news programme you created a running order for in this morning's lesson. BBC 3 60 second news.
  
  2) List the five stories you chose and explain why you chose each one. 
• The first news story I will be covering is the breaking news of the engagement story I chose to do this first as it a story which most people who watch BBC 3 60 second news may like to watch.
• The second news story I will cover is the story of the well known politician who is being investigated for fraud I chose this is the news that BBC news 3 60 seconds would cover as it effects that age group.
• The third story I would use Two prisoners convicted of armed robbery have escaped from Wormwood Scrubs prison in West London , I chose this as this is news that BBC3 60 second news would listen to. 
• The fourth story I would choose be Lady Gaga is in London and has been spotted jogging in hyde park i chose this as it has a celebrity element to it as its based on a celebrity and that fits what there target audience would watch. 
• The last story was Cheryl Cole has announced she is pregnant i chose this as it would be news which BBC3 news audience would watch as it has a celebrity element.
• 
  3) Use the Uses and Gratifications theory to explain why ONE of the stories appeals to the target audience for that programme.
  
  4) Now choose one of the other TV news programmes we have focused on and choose a five-story running order for that programme. The four TV news progammes are:
  
  
  • Channel 4 News
  • BBC News at Six
  • BBC 60 Second news  
  • BBC Newsround
  
  
  The available stories are:
  
  
  • A tweet by Miley Cyrus telling a fan to ‘get a life’ has started a ‘Twitter storm’.
  • Israel has shelled a residential area of Gaza killing around 25 civilians.
  • Gunfire has been reported on the streets of Moscow although no there are no details as yet regarding who has opened fire or why.
  • A well-known politician has been named on Twitter as being investigated by police for fraud.
  • Cheryl Cole has announced she is pregnant.
  • David Cameron’s office has announced he will be visiting Washington next week to meet President Obama.
  • An anti-austerity march against government cuts has been held in London today and was attended by 50,000 people. The protest was calm.
  • A new series of BBC drama Sherlock achieved record viewing figures last night.
  • Lady Gaga is in London and has been spotted jogging in Hyde Park.
  • A woman has been convicted of murdering her husband. He was a wealthy banker and she a stay-at-home mum.
  • Two prisoners convicted of armed robbery have escaped from Wormwood Scrubs prison in West London.
  • 20 people were killed in 15 different road accidents over the previous weekend.
  
  5) Explain why those stories fit the target audience for the programme you have chosen.

2) How does Newsround use the key conventions of TV news?  Newsround has used many techniques they use these conventions examples it uses text on screen it also use clips and it also uses presenters.

3) Who are the presenters for BBC News round? Why do News round have a variety of presenters? Jenny Lawernce is the presenter of BBC news round.

4) Are any other presenters or reporters used? Yes  in the bulletin Aysha was used to get information from a professional on carnails. 

5) What does the studio look like? How is technology used in programme? The studio has a colour scheme of green blue and purple, technology is used as they have there website  name on the screen also they use technology by also having clips being shown behind the presenter on the background screen.

6) What is the opening sequence to Newsround? Does it fit the key conventions of TV news? Yes it fits the key convetions as there is a presenter it also says what stories will be coming up later on the show they also use clips on the news they will be covering.

7) How does Newsround typically present a news story? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.) They start of with a presenter saying the news story then they put on clips of the story then then may have presenter getting opinions on the story from kids and they may go to the location and then  may have images on the story.

8) Who is the target audience for Newsround? You may want to research this online. They aim there news on younger audience aged from 7-12.

9) Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme? Do young people feature in the news programme at all? They can get involved by going to there website . Young people are featured as they may have there opinions said on the TV or they may get interview on the news.

10) What news stories are covered in the broadcasts you have watched? List ALL the stories that are covered AND the order that they appear in. How long does each story appear for? the dog working ,  giant Easter egg, warning on energy drinks , how the layout of classroom may affect our leaning , prince Harry has started a month long job.

2) How does the BBC3 60 Second News use the key conventions of TV news? BBC 3 60 Second news has used many techniques they use these conventions examples it uses text on screen it also use clips and it also uses presenters.

3) Who are the presenters for the BBC3 60 Second News? What do you notice about their age and how they are dressed? One of BBC3 60 second news presenter is Sam Naz also Claudia-Liza Armah. The presenters ages are quite young this may be as there target audience are a young audience as-well.

4) Are any other presenters or reporters used?Not really as it is a 60 second bulletin and they may not be able to get presenter to get more information.         

5) What does the studio look like? How is technology used in programme? How are graphics used in the presentation of the news?The colour scheme of the studio is pink and grey. Technology is used in the programme as the clips are shown on a computer animation.

6) What is the opening shot of the BBC3 60 Second News? Does it fit the key conventions of TV news? Yes does fit the key convention as it is camera to presenter.

7) How does the BBC3 60 Second News typically present a news story? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.)They normally present it presenter speaking about it whist they show images or clips.

8) Who is the target audience for the BBC3 60 Second News? You may want to research this online. Why does the BBC feature news on a predominantly entertainment-based channel?When finding out research the age group I found was 18-34.

9) Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme? Do young people feature in the news programme at all?I don't think that the audience can get involved as when watching some bulletin none of them had any audience getting involved.

10) What news stories are covered in the broadcasts you have watched? List ALL the stories that are covered AND the order that they appear in. How long does each story appear for?The first news story was that the airline boss admits that the pilots were on pressure causing them to crash , Nigeria presidential election , Iran nucelaur talks , racist chants in Australia , selfie shoes . 

Testing what you've learned...

1) What is the angle of a news story? Give an example to explain your answer.an angle of a news story is how a story is reported.

2) What is the difference between tabloid and broadsheet news coverage? tabloid is less serious content mainly focusing on celebrities news and sports. broadsheet is mainly news that is more serious like international news.

3) What would be an example of a tabloid-style TV news programme? maybe something related to sports or celebrities. 

4) What would be an example of a broadsheet-style TV news programme? maybe something on politics.

5) What is the difference between international, national, regional and local news coverage? international is news that effects the whole world, national news is news that is based on UK news,regional news is news that only affect a part of an area so eg news that may effect London, local news may be news that only effect some people so may not be broadcasted on international news.

Answer the questions on the election coverage clips...

BBC News election story - via YouTube

1) Is this international, national, regional or local news? How can you tell? i think it is national news as it effects the entire country as it a national vote its not just a local story it effects everyone in England.

2) What angle does the report take on the story? that they should vote for a party but not to vote for the other one as it wouldn't be wright so each party is trying to get there own votes.

3) Is this more tabloid or broadsheet-style coverage? i think its a broadsheet as it is a serious story.

4) What kind of audience would you expect to watch this type of TV news programme? Why? i think the more older audience would watch this as it affect them mainly not the younger audience. also more older audience watch BBC so it wouldn't attract younger audience. 


Sky News election story not available online - use your notes

1) Is this international, national, regional or local news? How can you tell?this is a national story as it effect the entire country.

2) What angle does the report take on the story? 

3) Is this more tabloid or broadsheet-style coverage? broadsheet

4) What kind of audience would you expect to watch this type of TV news programme? Why? i think a more younger audience would watch this as most young people watch sky news.


STV (Scottish) coverage of the election story

1) Is this international, national, regional or local news? How can you tell? i think this is more a regional story as it based on Scotland and it may not effect London.

2) What angle does the report take on the story? vote for Scottish labour.

3) Is this more tabloid or broadsheet-style coverage? broadsheet as it is a more serious story

4) What kind of audience would you expect to watch this type of TV news programme? Why? i would think more Scottish people as the news story mainly effect them as people in London wouldn't be that effected.


Channel 4 News coverage of the election story.

1) Is this international, national, regional or local news? How can you tell?i tbink it is national as it is effects the entire country

2) What angle does the report take on the story?not to vote for labour

3) Is this more tabloid or broadsheet-style coverage?

4) What kind of audience would you expect to watch this type of TV news programme? Why?

BBC news case study.
Basic details

1. What do the letters BBC stand for? British broadcasting corporation.
2. How is the BBC funded? by TV licence money and adverts.  
3. What is the BBC's famous mission statement? (Clue: it's three words)inform educate and entrain 
4. What is BBC's 1 programme remit? being a British news channel.
5. How does the BBC News at Six fit into BBC1's remit? by making the news 30 minutes long.  

Presenters

1. Who are the presenters of BBC News at Six? George alagiah and Sophie raworth.  
2. What are the presenters wearing? What does this communicate to the audience? The presenters are wearing a suit as this may show that it is more formal and it makes the presenter look sophisticated.As they are wearing smart clothes. May be the professional look BBC want to give.
3. Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?So it could give more variety to viewers as they may have presenter they may like. 
4. How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV news programme? They may be used as going to get more information on the news like doing interview or getting live news.Or performing other news stories like different presenters for the weather. 
5. Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience?There is a balance between presenter as there is a male and a female presenter. There is a balance between race and ethnicity as there is a Asian presenter. The effect that might be that audience will see that BBC is fair about race and ethnicity and not unbalanced.  

Opening sequence
Analyse the opening 2 minutes of the programme.

1. What is the very first shot?A medium close up of the presenter.
2. How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience?BBC news very first shot is of a video on there main story. They also use graphics as they show the three people face as they show it using graphics.
3. How is music used in the opening sequence? Music is only used at 1.22 seconds as BBC music starts playing. 
4. How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later?They are told what will be coming up later on in the news channel. 

Studio mise-en-scene

1. What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience?Desk you can also see the background with there logo behind you can  also see the lighting. 
2. Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is?The presenters are shown to be standing up as they may want then standing as they can see there entire body and they can also see the background.  
3. Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience? Technology is used as in the video BBC is shown as also they have used text on screen.  
4. How does the studio use colour? The studio used colour as there is a lot of red and white in the studio. 

How news stories are presented

1. How does the news programme typically present a story? They present it by giving the viewer what will be coming up and telling them some thing that will be coming up.
2. What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.) it is mainly camera to presenter
3. What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.) international,sport,labour. 
4. Give two real examples of how news stories are presented to keep the interest of the audience. the Nepal earthquake , the former senior nurse getting sent to prison for 18 years for sexually abusing patient. 

Running order

1. Watch the first 15 minutes of the programme – as recent as you can find.
2. What is the top story? the Nepal earthquake .
3. How long does the top story last for? it lasted 9 minutes.
4. What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’). a former senior nurse has been sentence to 18 years in prison for sexually abusing and spying on pateiatns who were unconscious they spent, 
5. How long is each story shown for? 9 minutes on Nepal earthquake 2.30 minutes on the former nurse.
6. Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?as it might not be that important or so they can give out extra information.

Audience

1. What is the target audience for this BBC News at Six? Research online – you should be able to find plenty  of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme. bbc tries targeting an older audience.
2. What are the viewing figures for BBC News at Six?in 2002 - 2003 the views were average 5.3 million per night.
3. Why might someone choose to watch this TV news programme over others? as bbc news offer more British news as there news is quicker to watch.
4. Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment? yes they can comment on BBC news official website or Facebook or twitter.
5. What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer?

Institution

1. What other news programmes and services does the BBC offer in addition to the BBC News at Six? BBC breakfast and other news programme
2. What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate? that they cant give one side of a story they have to look at both sides of a story.
3. The BBC has been accused of 'dumbing down' the News at Six. What does this mean? Do you agree with the accusation that the news is 'dumbed down'? as they have started using more animation to show news.

TV News and New/Digital Media

1. Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website? yes they do for BBC news
2. What does the website offer viewers? more news that may have not been covered in the TV or more information on the news that might have not been said.
3. Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed? yes they do
4. How does the Twitter feed promote the programme? by showing news on twitter as well.
5. Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories? yes they can get involved by going to there official website.

channel 4 task

basic details

1. When is Channel 4 News on? channel 4 news is shown at 7 pm Monday-Friday and it last 55 minutes.
2. When was the programme first broadcast? channel 4 was launched in 1982 November 2. 
3. What awards has the programme won? channel 4 has won the international emmy award for news in 2014,2013 and 2004. they have also won the British academy television award for best news coverage. they won it in 2012 , 2004 and 1996. they have also won British academy television awards for best news and current affairs journalism in 1994 and 1993.
4. What is the media institution that produces Channel 4 News? it is channel 4.  
5. Who are the presenters? channel 4 is mainly presented by Jon snow also krishnan guru murthy , Cathy Newman and matt frei. 
6. what are the presenter wearing? what does this communicate to the audience ? the presenter are smartly dressed because they are wearing suits that might suggest that it is formal and they are more professional so it might give it a better look so it might appeal to the audience as they are dressed smartly. 
7. Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters? so they can show a range of opinions or they might use different characters because they would want them to cover different stories. 
8. how are other reporters or presenters used in TV news ? in channel 4 news presenters like matt frei is showed as being the presenter who goes live at the location where the news might of happened. Jon snow is represented as being the main presenter telling the news. krishnan guru murthy is shown as being the presenter who goes and interviews people. 
9. Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience? i would say there is a balance between genders because there is a female in channel 4 news and there are 3 males i think they should have another female presenter so it will make it more balanced. i think there is a balance of race because there is a Asian presenter so channel 4 news is balanced. i don't think that this will have an major impact because they are very well known and they already have a audience so it wont be that major.  
10. what is the very first shot? the first shot used is a medium close up of Jon snow. 
11. how does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience? channel 4 use a shot of there main story so this may grab the audience as they are showing a bit of what will be coming up later.
12. how is music used in the opening scene? music is used at the opening until the presenter speaks when finishing the music carry on. 
13. how are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes ? is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later.channel 4 news presented there stories by giving there main story first then telling the audience what will be coming after that. 
14. what aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience ( desk camera etc ) we can see a desk we can also see the background with there logo on it. we can also see the lighting in the background.
15.  are the presenters standing or behind desks ? why do you think this is ? the presenter are standing up as they may be wanted to be shown as they may be that they are different to other news channels or maybe that how channel 4 wants them to be presented i think they wouldn't be behind a desk as they are a news channels who try and give out news differently than other news channels.
16.  Are journalist or technology visible ? what might these things suggest to the audience. they are visible as they show live scene on the news . this is used as they may want to be seen as they are very technological. 
17.  How does the studio use color? channel 4 uses color as there studio is all purple they may have used purple as it may appeal as it look strong and sophisticated.
18.  how does the news programme typically present a story? channel 4 present a story by mentioning the headline of the story then talking about the story with facts or citizen journalism if appropriate on the news story then clips on the news story.
19.  what difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera , reporter on location , interviews , graphics , images , video etc.) channel 4 uses many techniques to presenter the news when watching the news i saw presenter to camera then i saw citizen journalism after that i saw video of the headline. 
20. what types of news does the TV news programme typically cover? give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.) when watching channel 4 news i saw that they coverd a international news story , then a labour story and they finally talked about sports.  
21. give two real examples of how news stories presented to keep the interest of the audience. one story channel 4 covered a story on was the earthquake in Nepal. they kept the interest in the audience as this was the first story they covered  also they spent 

1. What is the top story? nepal earth quake 

1. How long does the top story last for? 2 minute

1. What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).labour then sports

1. How long is each story shown for?the main story last for 2 minute and the other last for a minute

1. Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was? as they may not be that important or not

Audience

1. What is the target audience for this TV News programme? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
2. Why might someone choose to watch this TV News programme over others? as it is more popular and it offer more international stories also maybe of the presenter or because they have wonsome awards.
3. Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment? yes they can share comments on twitter Facebook and there own website.  
4. What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer?

Institution

5. Who owns, runs or produces this TV News programme? channel 4 is publically owned corporation 
6. Does the institution own, run or produce any other TV News programmes, channels or newspapers? yes channel 5 
7. How does the programme fit the TV channel it is on? channel 4 news fits in with channel 4 as they same target audience they may be targeting their channel at. 
8. What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate? to show both sides of a story and not to be biased.

TV News and New/Digital Media

9. Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website? yes for channel 4 news
10. What does the website offer viewers? clips on news they covered and you-tube videos.
11. Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed? yes
12. How does the Twitter feed promote the programme?yes by showing clips from channel 4 news
13. Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories?